Actor Selection
The primary means to interact with an actor is through it's actor reference (ActorRef). Since every actor also has a path it's possible to 'lookup' an actor by that path. It's also possible to interact with all actors that are part of a path.
For example, if an actor is known to live at /user/comms/high_gain_1, but we don't have the actor reference for this actor, we can perform a selection:
let hga = ctx.select("/user/comms/high_gain_1").unwrap();
This will return an ActorSelection. In some ways an ActorSelection behaves like an ActorRef but represents a collection of actors. When sending a message to a selection all the actors in the selection that accept the sent message type will receive the message.
To send messages to a selection:
let hga = ctx.select("/user/comms/high_gain_1").unwrap();
hga.try_tell("I've arrived safely".into(), None);
try_tell is the method used to send messages since a selection is a collection of BasicActorRefs. Any message sent to an actor in the selection that rejects the message type will be dropped.
While this example highlights how it's possible to message actors based on their path in practice it should be carefully considered. ActorRef (and even BasicActorRef) is almost always the better choice for actor interaction since messages are directly sent to the actor's mailbox without any preprocessing or cloning. However there are several use cases where ActorSelection makes sense:
- You know the path of an actor but due to design you don't have its
ActorRef - You want to broadcast a message to all actors within a path
It is possible to select all actors under an actor path and send the same message the actors in the selection:
let sel = ctx.selection("/user/home-control/lighting/*").unwrap();
sel.try_tell(Protocol::Off, None);
In this example an actor responsible for lighting in a home has a child actor for each individual light. If we want to turn off all lights a control message (Protocol::Off) could be sent to /user/home-control/lighting/*. Each child actor will receive the same message.
Note
Paths are relative to the location where the selection is being made. E.g. from the actor lighting's context, all children could be selected using ctx.selection("*").
We've seen that ActorSelection provides flexibility for certain use cases such as when an ActorRef isn't known at compile time, but more specifically for messaging multiple actors. This comes at the cost of traversing part of the actor hierarchy and cloning messages.
Next we'll see how Channels provide publish/subscribe features to enable actor choreography.